RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To find out the hospital burden of pneumonia and preventable factors associated with the disease. DESIGN: Prospective cross sectional study. SETTING: The paediatric ward of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya. SUBJECTS: All the children admitted to the paediatric wards and found to have clinical features consistent with pneumonia. RESULTS: One thousand eight hundred and eighty two children were included in the study out of whom pneumonia was responsible for 13.23% and 5.5% of all deaths. Degree of severity was used to classify patients into mild pneumonia, severe pneumonia and very severe pneumonia each group comprised 12%, 70% and 18% respectively. Parents in age group 21 to 25 years (OR 2, CI 1.07 - 3.63) and use of firewood /charcoal (OR 4.23, CI 3.9 - 4.6) were risk factors for mild pneumonia. Unemployment (OR 2.7, CI 2 - 3.2), age group 21 to 25 years (OR 4, CI 1.2 - 6.4) and use of firewood/charcoal (OR 1.1, CI 1.02 - 1.26) were risk factors for severe pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Pneumonia accounted for less number of admitted children compared to previous study. Use of firewood or charcoal as source of fuel and mothers in age group 21 - 25 years were independent risk factors for mild pneumonia and severe pneumonia.
Assuntos
Pacientes Internados , Pais , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/epidemiologia , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Calefação/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Quênia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estado Civil/estatística & dados numéricos , Idade Materna , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Khat is a plant whose young shoots and leaves are habitually used in Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula as a drug of recreation. Although it is used without any control in these regions, it contains two controlled substances, cathinone (schedule I) which is present in fresh khat and cathine (schedule VI) which is a degradation product of cathinone abundant in old khat. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of khat on locomotor behaviour and seizures in rats. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: University of Nairobi. SUBJECTS: Adult male rats in groups of six were given fresh khat, old khat, methylphenidate and saline at varying doses and observed over three hours. RESULTS: Fresh khat at low doses and old khat at high doses stimulated locomotor activity. High doses of fresh and old khat induced stereotype behaviour and seizures. CONCLUSION: The results show that khat stimulates locomotor and stereotypic behavioural activity and can induce seizures; results similar to those observed with amphetamine analogs.
